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A no-budget film is a film made with very little or no money. Young directors starting out in filmmaking commonly use this method because there are few other options available to them at that point. All the actors and technicians are employed without remuneration, and the films are largely non-profit. Usually the director works alone on such films, or uses a very minimum "crew" of volunteers to assist him/her on such projects where no money or financing is available, not including the cost of film. ==Examples== Satyajit Ray's debut film, ''Pather Panchali'' (1955), which was produced on a budget of Along with the other films in Ray's ''The Apu Trilogy'' the film is frequently listed among the greatest films of all time.〔(The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made ) By THE FILM CRITICS OF THE NEW YORK TIMES, New York Times, 2002.〕 In 1960, Ron Rice released ''The Flower Thief'', starring Taylor Mead, to a positive reception. The film was produced for less than $1000〔Dixon, Wheeler Winston, "Performativity in 1960s Experimental Film", ''Film Criticism'' Vol 23, 1998〕 using black-and-white 16mm 50' film cartridges left over from aerial gunnery equipment used during World War II.〔(Dixon, Wheeler Winston, "The Exploding Eye" )〕 In the early 1960s, filmmaker Jack Smith used discarded color-reversal film stock to film ''Flaming Creatures''. John Waters' 1964 black-and-white film ''Hag in a Black Leather Jacket'' reportedly cost $30 to make, though Waters has said that he stole the film stock. Craig Baldwin's ''Flick Skin'' is entirely made from discarded film, or "found footage", retrieved from a projectionist's booth. The No Wave Cinema movement of the late 1970s, represented by filmmakers such as Vivienne Dick, produced many notable no-budget films shot on Super 8,〔("From No Wave To National Cinema", ''Lux'' )〕 such as ''Beauty Becomes The Beast''. In 1993, Sarah Jacobson's first film, ''I Was a Teenage Serial Killer'', was made with "one camera, one tape recorder, one mic and, like, four lights".〔(Sinagra, Laura, "Grrrl, Interrupted", ''City Lights'', 2004 )〕 G.B. Jones took 13 years to film, direct and edit on Super 8mm the feature film ''The Lollipop Generation'', which was filmed whenever she could afford to buy a roll of film, and finally released in 2008.〔(Liss, Sarah, "The Lollipop Generation", ''Eye Weekly'', 2 Apr, 2008 )〕 In 2012, first-time director Shawn Holmes shot his debut film Memory Lane with non-professional actors and a budget of less than $300. In the same year Goodbye Promise, the first movie ever to be distributed online directly to its audience via a crowdfunding platform.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=David Branin & Karen Worden from Film Courage Release Feature 'Goodbye Promise' for $1 on IndieGoGo )〕 was released. Footage for no-budget films is often shot on location, either with permission, or without permission which is referred to as "guerrilla filmmaking", using sites such as the home of the filmmaker or their friends, in the backyard or local neighborhood. No-budget films have often been made in the past using Super 8 mm film or video, but recent films have taken advantage of low-cost digital cameras and editing programs. A notable example of this could be found in the work of ASS Studios, a no-budget film studio founded in 2011 by Courtney Fathom Sell and Reverend Jen Miller on the Lower East Side of New York City.〔http://filmmakermagazine.com/27295-courtney-fathom-sells-hi-8-high-life/〕〔http://filmmakermagazine.com/29016-so-you-wanna-be-an-underground-filmmaker/#.VQ-DxkLjNFI〕 No-budget films can receive distribution at film festivals that focus on independent and experimental films, such as the Flicker Film Festival and No Budget Film Festival in Los Angeles, The 8 Fest in Toronto, and the Trasharama A-Go-Go festival in Australia. The Polish brothers distributed their no-budget film ''For Lovers Only'' on iTunes and relied on social media to publicize it. While generally ignored by the commercial film sector, they have, on occasion, garnered much recognition in the world of alternative culture and arts. It is rare that a no-budget film manages to receive recognition and launch a filmmaker's career; only a handful have achieved any level of high acclaim. Examples are Kevin Smith's ''Clerks'' and Christopher Nolan's ''Following''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「No budget film」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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